Zoster Temple: The Sacred Site of Leto in Attika
Nestled along the coast of Attika lies the site of Zoster, a location steeped in both mythological lore and architectural history. According to the 2nd-century accounts of the traveler Pausanias, this site is named after the zoster (a gilt belt) that Leto loosened while fleeing the anger of Hera. Pregnant by Zeus and nearing the birth of her twins, Apollo and Artemis, Leto is said to have paused here to prepare for delivery, giving the site its name, which translates to "Girdle."
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Key Facts
- Mythological Origin: Named after the belt (zoster) loosened by Leto before giving birth to Apollo and Artemis.
- Foundation: Established in the 6th century BC during the Archaic Period.
- Dimensions: The main temple structure measures 10.8m by 6.00m.
- Dedication: Statues were offered by the citizens of the deme of Halai Axonides.
- Evolution: Transitioned from a pagan temple to a Christian church during the late Roman Empire.
Architectural Evolution of the Temple
The temple was originally constructed in the 6th century BC during the Archaic Period. It features a rectangular design with a floor composed of unique, high-quality large rectangular slabs. The interior is divided into two primary sections: the sekos (the main inner chamber) and the adyton (the innermost restricted sanctuary).
Structural Enhancements
While the foundation is Archaic, the temple underwent significant modifications in the 4th century BC. During this period, a wall was constructed to separate the sekos from the adyton. Additionally, a peristyle—a continuous colonnade of columns surrounding the building—was added. This colonnade consisted of four columns on the narrow sides and six columns along the longer sides.
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Sacred Artifacts and Inscriptions
Within the sekos, several significant archaeological finds remain. Three bases once supported the cult statues of Leto, Apollo, and Artemis. Two of these bases bear the inscription "HALAIES ANETHESAN," indicating that the citizens of the deme of Halai Axonides dedicated the statues to the deities. Other notable finds include:
- A marble throne used by the temple's priest.
- A marble altar with an inscription detailing repairs made in the 4th century BC under the priesthood of Polystratos.
- A large rectangular altar base (4.25m by 2.25m) located in front of the temple.
- A square, two-stepped base at the north-east end, likely used for a votive statue.
Transition to Christianity
Following the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, the site underwent a functional transformation. The walls of the sekos were extended and various repairs were carried out to convert the ancient temple into a Christian church.
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Temple Specifications Summary
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Construction Period | 6th Century BC (Archaic Period) |
| Dimensions | 10.8m x 6.00m |
| Key Components | Sekos, Adyton, Peristyle (added 4th century BC) |
| Primary Deities | Leto, Apollo, Artemis, Athena |
| External Altar Size | 4.25m x 2.25m |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the site called Zoster?
The name comes from the Greek word for "girdle" or belt. According to Pausanias, Leto loosened her gilt belt at this location while preparing to give birth to Apollo and Artemis.
Who dedicated the statues at the temple?
The statues were offered by the citizens of the deme of Halai Axonides, as evidenced by the inscription "HALAIES ANETHESAN" found on the statue bases.
When was the peristyle added to the temple?
The peristyle, consisting of a colonnade of four columns on the short sides and six on the long sides, was added during the 4th century BC.
What happened to the temple during the Roman Empire?
During the Christian period, following the persecution of pagans, the temple was repaired and modified to serve as a Christian church.
Who was the priest mentioned in the temple inscriptions?
An inscription on the marble altar refers to a priest named Polystratos, who oversaw the repair of the temple during the 4th century BC.