Ulleung County: A Journey to South Korea's Remote Island Paradise
Nestled in the heart of the East Sea, Ulleung County (Ulleung-gun) offers a unique glimpse into the natural beauty and historical depth of South Korea. Located within the North Gyeongsang Province, this county is primarily composed of the large island of Ulleungdo and 44 smaller surrounding islands. It is a place where rugged landscapes meet a rich maritime history, making it a distinct destination far from the mainland's bustle.
Key Facts
- Location: East Sea, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.
- Population: Approximately 9,169 to 10,426 (the least populated county in South Korea).
- Geography: Consists of Ulleungdo and 44 smaller islands, including the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo).
- Climate: Humid subtropical, characterized by warm, rainy summers and cold, snowy winters.
- Major Event: The annual Snowflower Festival.
Historical Roots and Geography
The history of Ulleung is deeply intertwined with the evolution of the Korean peninsula. In 512, the nation of Usan-guk, which originally inhabited Ulleungdo, was conquered by Jijeung of the Silla Kingdom. Following the decline of Silla, the Goryeo Dynasty assumed control. Historical records show that in 930, the 13th year of King Taejo's reign, local residents were granted the right to bring tribute. Later, in 1012, King Hyeonjong of Goryeo dispatched an ambassador to the islands to assist in recovering abandoned farmland.
Geographically, the county sits between the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Access to the islands is primarily managed through two major ports that provide regular ferry services: Pohang Port and Mukho Port. These maritime routes serve as the vital lifelines for residents and tourists alike.
Administrative Structure
Ulleung County is organized into a structured administrative system consisting of one eup (town) and two myeon (townships). These are further subdivided into legal and administrative villages (ri), with the most basic level containing 56 "natural villages."
Administrative Divisions Breakdown
| Division Type | Name (Hangul) | Subdivisions (Ri) |
|---|---|---|
| Eup (Town) | Ulleung-eup (울릉읍) | 4 legal ri, 6 administrative ri |
| Myeon (Township) | Buk-myeon (북면) | 3 legal ri, 8 administrative ri |
| Myeon (Township) | Seo-myeon (서면) | 3 legal ri, 5 administrative ri |
Climate and the Snowflower Festival
Ulleung experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen classification: Cfa). This means the region enjoys very warm, rainy, and muggy summers, contrasted by cold, snowy winters. The high levels of precipitation and snowfall define much of the local culture.
Due to its significant snowfall, the county hosts the Snowflower Festival. While the festival was not held prior to 2006 due to insufficient snow, it has become a highlight for those seeking winter beauty. For instance, in 2007, the region saw massive snowfall, reaching 42 cm along the coastlines and up to 105 cm in the Nari Basin.
Tourism and Future Connectivity
For travelers, Ulleung County offers breathtaking natural landmarks. Popular destinations recommended by local tourism organizations include:
- Gwaneumdo and Jukdo Island
- Dokdo Island (Liancourt Rocks)
- Bongnae Falls
- The Dokdo mit haedojigwangwang cablecar
- The Taehahyangmok Tourist Monorail
Currently, travel to the island relies on ferries, but a major transformation is underway. Ulleung Airport is under construction on reclaimed land in the southern part of the island. Estimated to open in 2027, the airport features a 1,200m runway designed to significantly shorten travel times from Seoul and other major cities, though discussions continue regarding its capacity to accommodate 80-passenger aircraft.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the symbols of Ulleung County?
The county is represented by the Machilus thunbergii tree, the camellia flower, and the wood pigeon.
How can I travel to Ulleungdo?
Currently, visitors can reach the island via regular ferry services departing from Pohang Port or Mukho Port. A new airport is expected to open in 2027.
Is Ulleung County highly populated?
No, Ulleung County is the least populated county in South Korea, with a population recorded at approximately 10,426.
What is the weather like in Ulleung?
The climate is humid subtropical, featuring warm, muggy summers and cold, snowy winters with significant annual precipitation.
What is the significance of Dokdo in Ulleung County?
Dokdo (the Liancourt Rocks) is one of the islands under the effective governance of South Korea and is part of the administrative territory of Ulleung County.