Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a prestigious British order of chivalry. Established on April 28, 1818, it serves as a mark of distinction for citizens of Commonwealth realms, particularly those who have performed high-level service in foreign affairs or within colonial possessions. Named after the military saints Michael and George, the Order carries the Latin motto Auspicium Melioris Ævi, which translates to "Token of a Better Age."
Currently, the Order is headed by King Charles III as the Sovereign, with Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, serving as the Grand Master.
Key Facts
- Founded: April 28, 1818, by George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV).
- Purpose: Originally to commemorate the protectorate over the Ionian Islands; now primarily for services to the Crown in foreign and colonial affairs.
- Precedence: The sixth-most senior order in the British honours system.
- Eligibility: Typically citizens of Commonwealth realms.
- Membership: Open to both men and women (women admitted in 1965).
History and Evolution
The Order was created by the Prince Regent to reward residents of Malta and the Ionian Islands, as well as British subjects holding confidential positions in the Mediterranean. Following the end of the Ionian protectorate in 1864, the Order's purpose was revised in 1868. It shifted toward rewarding those holding high office in colonial possessions and those contributing to the foreign affairs of the Empire.
Over time, the Order has become the standard honor for Governors-General and Governors. In 1965, the Order was expanded to include women, with Evelyn Bark becoming the first female Companion (CMG) in 1967.
Ranks and Composition
The Order is divided into three distinct classes. While the original membership limits were small, they have expanded significantly to accommodate the needs of the Commonwealth.
| Grade | Post-nominals | Prefix | Membership Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knight/Dame Grand Cross | GCMG | Sir / Dame | 125 |
| Knight/Dame Commander | KCMG / DCMG | Sir / Dame | 375 |
| Companion | CMG | — | 1,750 |
As of July 11, 2025, the register recorded 71 members in the highest grade, 224 in the middle grade, and 935 in the lowest grade. Royal family members and honorary foreign members do not count toward these limits.
Insignia and Regalia
Members wear elaborate regalia for major state occasions, such as coronations, while simpler insignia are used for less formal events. The imagery typically depicts Saint Michael subduing Satan.
The insignia have been the subject of modern review. Prior to 2011, the devil was portrayed with black skin. This was updated to ensure both figures shared the same skin tone, and Saint Michael's wings were changed to pure white. Despite these changes, some jurisdictions, such as Jamaica, have suspended the use of the badge. In 2020, the Cabinet Office allowed members to exchange their insignia for newer models if they found the original imagery offensive.
The Order's Chapel
Originally based at the Palace of St. Michael and St. George in Corfu, the Order's spiritual home moved to St Paul's Cathedral in London in 1906. Religious services are held every four years, during which new Knights and Dames Grand Cross are formally installed.
Notable Recipients
The Order is frequently awarded to diplomats, high-ranking civil servants, and occasionally figures from the arts and sciences. For example, television broadcaster and conservationist Sir David Attenborough is a Knight Grand Cross (GCMG). Actor Daniel Craig was appointed a Companion (CMG) in the 2022 New Year Honours for his services to film and theatre, mirroring the rank of his fictional character, James Bond.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is eligible for the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George?
Eligibility is typically reserved for citizens of Commonwealth realms who have rendered distinguished service in foreign affairs or in relation to the Crown's overseas possessions.
What is the difference between a GCMG, KCMG, and CMG?
These are the three grades of the Order: GCMG is the highest (Knight/Dame Grand Cross), KCMG/DCMG is the middle (Knight/Dame Commander), and CMG is the third (Companion). Only the top two grades grant the title of "Sir" or "Dame."
Why was the insignia of the Order changed in 2011?
The insignia were updated to remove racialized depictions of the devil, ensuring that both Saint Michael and the devil were portrayed with the same skin color to avoid offensive imagery.
Where is the Order's chapel located?
The chapel of the Order is located within St Paul's Cathedral in London.
Who is the current Grand Master of the Order?
The current Grand Master is Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who has held the position since 1967.