OCLC: Powering Global Library Cooperation and Resource Sharing
In the world of information science, few organizations have had as profound an impact on how we find and access books as OCLC. Originally founded as the Ohio College Library Center, this global cooperative has evolved from a regional initiative into a worldwide powerhouse that connects thousands of libraries, enabling them to share resources and streamline the cataloging process.
At its core, OCLC operates as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to furthering access to the world's information. By providing the infrastructure for shared bibliographic data, it allows libraries to avoid duplicating the effort of cataloging the same materials, effectively creating a universal language for library collections.
Key Facts
- Founded: July 5, 1967, by Fred Kilgour.
- Global Reach: Serves over 30,000 libraries across more than 100 countries.
- Flagship Product: WorldCat, the world's largest unified library catalog.
- Financials: Reported revenue of $217.8 million for the 2020–21 period.
- Leadership: Currently led by President and CEO Skip Prichard.
The Evolution of a Global Network
The journey of OCLC began in Ohio, where membership was strictly limited to local institutions for the first decade. However, the organization recognized the potential for a broader impact. In 1977, it rebranded as the Online Computer Library Center, and by 1978, it opened its doors to institutions from other U.S. states.
The expansion didn't stop at national borders. In 2002, OCLC modified its governance structure to allow international participation, cementing its role as a global entity. This growth was supported by strategic mergers and acquisitions, including the 2006 merger with the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and the acquisition of OCLC PICA, which established a strong presence in the Netherlands.
Software and Library Services
OCLC provides a comprehensive suite of tools designed to modernize library operations. While it once produced physical catalog cards—a service that finally ended on October 1, 2015—it now focuses on cloud-based software and digital management.
Core Software Offerings
- WorldCat: The primary online database used for searching and managing library collections globally.
- CONTENTdm: A specialized tool for managing and providing access to digital collections.
- WorldShare Management Services: An electronic resource management system that streamlines library workflows.
- Wise: An integrated library system (ILS) designed specifically for community engagement in public libraries.
- EZproxy: An authentication and access software used to provide remote access to library resources.
Beyond software, OCLC is a leader in linked data—the process of connecting data points to make information more discoverable across the web. Tools like Meridian allow libraries to create and curate linked data entities, ensuring that library records are compatible with the modern internet.
Market Dynamics and Industry Challenges
Despite its dominance, OCLC has faced significant competition and legal challenges. Between 2010 and 2013, the organization was embroiled in an antitrust lawsuit brought by SkyRiver and Innovative Interfaces. Although the suit was eventually dropped, the landscape of Library Information Systems (ILS) shifted.
By 2019, market data indicated a shift in dominance toward ExLibris (which acquired Innovative Interfaces in 2020). While OCLC remains a vital cooperative, ExLibris captured a larger share of the academic and public library ILS market, highlighting the ongoing competition in library automation technology.
OCLC Overview Summary
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Legal Status | 501(c)(3) Non-profit |
| Headquarters | Dublin, Ohio, USA |
| Primary Database | WorldCat |
| Membership | 30,000+ libraries in 100+ countries |
| Key Acquisitions | EZproxy, OAIster, RLG, OCLC PICA |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is WorldCat?
WorldCat is the world's largest unified library catalog, providing a global database of items held by thousands of libraries worldwide, allowing users to find books, articles, and other media regardless of where they are located.
How did OCLC start?
It was founded on July 5, 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center by Fred Kilgour to facilitate resource sharing among libraries in Ohio before expanding globally.
Does OCLC still print catalog cards?
No. While OCLC provided printed catalog cards for many years starting in 1971, the company printed its final catalog cards on October 1, 2015.
What is the purpose of CONTENTdm?
CONTENTdm is a software product sold by OCLC that allows libraries and archives to manage, preserve, and provide public access to their digital collections.
Who currently leads OCLC?
The organization is currently led by Skip Prichard, who has served as President and CEO since 2013.