Nat King Cole: The Unforgettable Legacy of a Jazz and Pop Icon
Nathaniel Adams Coles, known to the world as Nat King Cole, was more than just a vocalist; he was a virtuoso pianist, a pioneering actor, and a cultural trailblazer. From his early days in jazz sextets to becoming one of the most successful recording artists in history, Cole's smooth baritone and sophisticated musicality defined the sound of traditional pop and easy listening for nearly three decades.
Throughout his career, Cole bridged the gap between jazz and mainstream pop, recording over 100 hits and selling an estimated 50 million records. His influence extended beyond the recording studio, breaking racial barriers in broadcasting and television during a period of intense social upheaval in the United States.
Key Facts
- Full Name: Nathaniel Adams Coles
- Active Years: 1934–1965
- Primary Genres: Jazz, R&B, Traditional Pop, and Easy Listening
- Major Achievement: First black musician to host his own national radio program.
- Record Sales: Approximately 50 million copies sold during his career.
- Signature Song: "The Christmas Song," which remains a global holiday staple.
Early Life and the Rise of the King Cole Trio
Born on March 17, 1919, Cole's passion for music led him to leave high school at age 15. His professional journey began in 1936 when he and his brother Eddie, a bassist, formed a sextet known as Eddie Cole's Swingsters. This early venture led to recordings for Decca and a tour with the musical Shuffle Along, where Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson.
The turning point in Cole's career occurred in 1938 in Los Angeles. While relaxing at Jim Otto's Steak House, legendary singer Bing Crosby heard the Nat Cole Trio and was immediately impressed. Crosby introduced the group to Johnny Mercer, who would later sign them to the newly founded Capitol Records. The Trio's popularity soared, particularly with the 1944 hit "Straighten Up and Fly Right," and they became frequent guests on Crosby's Kraft Music Hall.
Breaking Barriers in Broadcasting and Pop Music
In 1946, Cole achieved a historic milestone with King Cole Trio Time, the first radio program hosted by a black musician. This success paved the way for further appearances on major programs such as The Chesterfield Supper Club and The Orson Welles Almanac.
As the 1950s arrived, Cole transitioned into a dominant force in the pop charts. He secured number-one hits with "Mona Lisa" (1950) and "Too Young" (1951), while also recording the beloved "Frosty the Snowman." His versatility was further proven in 1958 when he traveled to Havana to record Cole Español. The album's immense popularity in the U.S. and Latin America led to two subsequent Spanish-language releases: A Mis Amigos (1959) and More Cole Español (1962).
Cinema, Television, and Later Years
Cole's talent extended to the screen, where he appeared in various short films, sitcoms, and feature productions. Notable film roles included The Blue Gardenia (1953), China Gate (1957), and St. Louis Blues (1958), in which he portrayed W.C. Handy. He also hosted The Nat King Cole Show from 1956 to 1957, further cementing his status as a household name.
Despite his professional triumphs, Cole faced the harsh realities of racism, including a violent assault in Birmingham in 1956. He remained a figure of dignity and grace throughout these challenges.
Final Works and Enduring Influence
In late 1964, while battling cancer, Cole recorded his final album, L-O-V-E. Released shortly before his death on February 15, 1965, at the age of 45, the album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Albums chart. His legacy continued through posthumous releases and the work of his daughter, Natalie Cole, whose 1991 tribute album Unforgettable won seven Grammy Awards.
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Instruments | Vocals, Piano |
| Key Labels | Capitol, Decca, Excelsior, Ammor |
| Major Awards | Grammy Lifetime Achievement (1990), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (2000) |
| Notable Films | The Blue Gardenia, China Gate, St. Louis Blues, Cat Ballou |
| Chart Success | Over 100 pop chart hits; 50 million records sold |
Frequently Asked Questions
What was Nat King Cole's first major musical group?
He first recorded with his brother Eddie in a sextet called Eddie Cole's Swingsters before forming the highly successful Nat Cole Trio.
Which record label was most central to his success?
Capitol Records was the primary label for Cole; he recorded more than 150 singles there, achieving a level of success unmatched by any other Capitol artist.
Did Nat King Cole sing in languages other than English?
Yes, he recorded three albums in Spanish, starting with Cole Español in 1958, which became very popular in both the United States and Latin America.
When did he record "The Christmas Song"?
Cole recorded the song four different times between 1946 and 1961. The 1961 stereo version from The Nat King Cole Story is the version most commonly heard today.
How did his daughter Natalie Cole honor his legacy?
In 1991, Natalie Cole mixed a new vocal track with her father's 1961 recording of "Unforgettable." The resulting album and song won seven Grammy awards in 1992.