Half Dismes: The Early Origins of the U.S. Mint
In the early years of the United States, the young nation faced a significant practical challenge: a critical shortage of small coins for everyday commerce. This "want of small coins in circulation," as noted by President George Washington in November 1792, necessitated the creation of a formal national minting system to stabilize the economy.
The Birth of the U.S. Mint
While the official buildings and machinery for the U.S. Mint were still under construction in 1792, the government did not wait for the facilities to be completed to begin production. Most of the necessary personnel had already been hired, allowing the government to initiate the striking of half dismes (an early spelling of dimes) as early as July 1792.
Because the official Mint was not yet operational, the government utilized the private facilities of a local craftsman named John Harper. Although produced in a private shop, these coins were created under the direct supervision and auspices of official Mint personnel.
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The Role of Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson played a documented role in the procurement of these first coins. According to his personal memorandum book, Jefferson provided 75 Mexican Silver Dollars to facilitate the process. In exchange, he received the first 1,500 specimens of the half disme on July 13, 1792.
Jefferson's records indicate that these coins were not merely kept as curiosities; he used them as currency during his journey home to Monticello.
Key Facts
- First Production: Half dismes were struck around July 1792.
- Production Site: The private facilities of craftsman John Harper were used.
- Initial Quantity: Thomas Jefferson recorded the receipt of 1,500 specimens.
- Funding Material: 75 Mexican Silver Dollars were provided by Jefferson for the coins.
- Official Status: Produced under the supervision of official U.S. Mint personnel.
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Date of Receipt | July 13, 1792 |
| Craftsman Involved | John Harper |
| Quantity Received by Jefferson | 1,500 coins |
| Material Provided | 75 Mexican Silver Dollars |
Debunking Numismatic Folklore
Due to President Washington's involvement in the establishment of the Mint, several myths have emerged within the field of numismatics (the study or collection of currency). One popular legend suggests that the portrait on the obverse (the front side) of the coin is that of First Lady Martha Washington.
Another common claim suggests that some of these early coins were struck using melted-down silverware from the Washington family household. However, there is no solid evidence to support either of these assertions. The historical record, specifically Jefferson's logs, points to the use of Mexican Silver Dollars rather than household silverware.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why were the first half dismes produced in a private facility?
They were produced at the facilities of craftsman John Harper because the official U.S. Mint buildings and machinery were not yet ready for operation.
Who provided the silver for the first 1,500 half dismes?
Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson provided 75 Mexican Silver Dollars to produce the coins.
Is the portrait on the 1792 half disme Martha Washington?
While numismatic folklore claims it is Martha Washington, there is no solid evidence to support this assertion.
Were the coins made from the Washingtons' silverware?
No; there is no evidence for this claim, and records show that Mexican Silver Dollars were used instead.
What did Thomas Jefferson do with the first 1,500 coins?
Jefferson spent the coins during his trip home to Monticello.