Topic collection
3 articles
Miguel Hidalgo and the Spark of Mexican Independence (1810–1811) The road to Mexican sovereignty began not with a calculated military campaign, but with a passionate call to arms by an un...
Read Miguel Hidalgo and the Spark of Mexican Independence (1810–1811)Alta California: The History of a Spanish and Mexican Province Alta California (Upper California), also known as Nueva California (New California), was a pivotal frontier province that tr...
Read Alta California: The History of a Spanish and Mexican ProvinceSpanish American Wars of Independence Between 1808 and 1833, the Spanish Empire underwent a seismic transformation as its American colonies fought a series of brutal conflicts to secure t...
Read Spanish American Wars of Independence: The Fall of an Empire