Sturgeon Bay: Geography, Landmarks, and Climate
Sturgeon Bay is a uniquely positioned city in Wisconsin, serving as a vital link between the waters of Green Bay and Lake Michigan. Situated at an elevation of 584 feet (178 m) above sea level, the city is defined by its relationship with the surrounding waterways and the rugged beauty of the Door Peninsula.
Geography and Location
Located at 44°49′56″N 87°22′19″W, Sturgeon Bay occupies a total area of 11.66 square miles (30.20 km²). According to the United States Census Bureau, this is divided into 9.82 square miles (25.43 km²) of land and 1.84 square miles (4.77 km²) of water.
The city sits at the natural terminus of Sturgeon Bay. To facilitate maritime travel, the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was constructed across the remaining portion of the Door Peninsula. This strategic location places Sturgeon Bay among several key cities along Green Bay, including Marinette, Escanaba (Michigan), and Green Bay itself, as well as positioning it between Manitowoc and Manistique (Michigan) along the shores of Lake Michigan.
In terms of regional connectivity, Sturgeon Bay is located 38.4 miles (61.8 km) north of Green Bay and 127 miles (204 km) north of Milwaukee. Further distances include 169 miles (272 km) south of Houghton, Michigan, and 289 miles (465 km) east of Minneapolis. Interestingly, while Marinette is only 21.9 miles (35.2 km) away, travel between the two requires navigating toward the bottom of the bay via Green Bay or following the western shore.
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Stevens Hill and Big Hill Park
One of the city's most notable geographic features is Stevens Hill, a populated area located just northeast of the downtown district. The summit of Stevens Hill represents the highest elevation point within the city limits.
The hill is integrated into Big Hill Park, a 13.2-acre recreational space. The park is a popular destination for residents and visitors, offering facilities for mountain biking, picnicking, and sledding during the winter months.
Climate and Weather Patterns
Sturgeon Bay experiences a humid continental climate (classified as Dfb under the Köppen system), characterized by significant seasonal temperature variations and consistent precipitation throughout the year.
The region sees its warmest temperatures in July, with a mean maximum of 89.3°F (31.8°C) and a record high of 105°F (41°C). Conversely, winter brings freezing conditions, with January recording a mean minimum of 10.4°F (−12.0°C) and record lows reaching −29°F (−34°C). Annual precipitation averages 32.86 inches (834 mm), with the heaviest rainfall typically occurring in June.
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| Metric | Winter (Jan) | Summer (Jul) | Annual Average/Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Maximum Temp | 42.2°F (5.7°C) | 89.3°F (31.8°C) | 91.3°F (32.9°C) [Yearly Max] |
| Mean Minimum Temp | 10.4°F (−12.0°C) | 58.8°F (14.9°C) | 35.5°F (1.9°C) |
| Average Precipitation | 1.71 in (43 mm) | 3.57 in (91 mm) | 32.86 in (834 mm) |
| Precipitation Days | 11.0 | 11.2 | 123.6 |
Key Facts
- Total Area: 11.66 square miles, consisting of 9.82 sq mi land and 1.84 sq mi water.
- Highest Point: The top of Stevens Hill within Big Hill Park.
- Maritime Link: The Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal connects the bay to the rest of the peninsula.
- Climate Type: Humid continental (Köppen Dfb).
- Annual Rainfall: Average of 32.86 inches (834 mm).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the highest point in Sturgeon Bay?
The highest elevation in the city is found at the top of Stevens Hill, which is located within the 13.2-acre Big Hill Park.
How is Sturgeon Bay connected to other waterways?
Sturgeon Bay is located at the natural end of Sturgeon Bay, and the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was constructed to bridge the remaining gap across the Door Peninsula.
What is the typical climate in Sturgeon Bay?
The city has a humid continental climate, meaning it experiences four distinct seasons with cold winters and warm summers.
How far is Sturgeon Bay from other major cities?
It is 38.4 miles north of Green Bay, 127 miles north of Milwaukee, and 289 miles east of Minneapolis.
What activities are available at Big Hill Park?
Big Hill Park is used for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, picnicking, and sledding.