Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom maintains a rigorous system of conservation to protect its most valuable natural landscapes. Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated protected areas recognized specifically for their biological or geological significance. While the term SSSI is used across most of the UK, these protected zones are referred to as Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) within Northern Ireland.
The Role of Areas of Search (AOS)
To ensure a systematic selection of these conservation sites, authorities utilize a geographical framework known as an Area of Search (AOS). An AOS serves as the primary unit for identifying and selecting sites that merit protected status. These areas vary significantly in size, ranging from 400 km to 4,000 km.
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Regional Variations in AOS Selection
The criteria for defining an Area of Search differ across the nations of the UK, often relying on historical administrative boundaries:
- England: AOS boundaries are largely based on the administrative counties as they existed between 1974 and 1996, with larger counties often split into multiple areas.
- Scotland: These areas are primarily based on the districts used from 1975 to 1996.
- Wales: Selection is based on either counties or districts (the second-tier administrative divisions active between 1974 and 1996).
Administrative Management and Evolution
In England, the database of SSSIs is maintained by Natural England. For several decades leading up to the 2010s, the organization retained county listings based on 1974 boundaries. By 2015, these lists were updated to reflect more recent administrative changes.
Despite these updates, Natural England continues to use two abolished counties as Areas of Search: Avon (now split between Bristol, Gloucestershire, and Somerset) and Cleveland (now split between North Yorkshire and County Durham).
Key Facts
- SSSIs protect areas of high biological or geological importance.
- In Northern Ireland, these sites are called ASSIs.
- There are 59 Areas of Search in England, 44 in Scotland, and 12 in Wales.
- AOS sizes range from 400 km to 4,000 km.
- Natural England manages the SSSI database for England.
| Region | Number of AOSs | Basis of Boundary Selection |
|---|---|---|
| England | 59 | 1974–1996 Administrative Counties |
| Scotland | 44 | 1975–1996 Districts |
| Wales | 12 | Counties or Districts (1974–1996) |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between an SSSI and an ASSI?
There is no functional difference in purpose; SSSI stands for Site of Special Scientific Interest, while ASSI stands for Area of Special Scientific Interest, the term used specifically in Northern Ireland.
What is an Area of Search (AOS)?
An Area of Search is a specific geographical region used by conservationists to identify and select sites that should be designated as SSSIs.
How large is a typical Area of Search?
Individual Areas of Search vary in size, typically falling between 400 km and 4,000 km.
Which organization manages SSSIs in England?
Natural England is the body responsible for maintaining the database and listings of SSSIs in England.
Why are Avon and Cleveland still used as AOSs in England?
Although these counties were abolished in 1996, Natural England continues to use them as administrative Areas of Search for the purpose of site selection.