OCLC: Powering Global Library Cooperation and Digital Infrastructure
In the complex world of information management, OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) stands as a cornerstone of global library cooperation. Founded as a way to streamline how libraries organize and share resources, it has evolved from a regional Ohio initiative into a worldwide non-profit organization that supports tens of thousands of libraries across the globe.
At its core, OCLC provides the digital plumbing that allows a library in one country to know exactly what books or digital assets are available in another. By creating shared standards and massive databases, it reduces the redundant work of cataloging and expands the reach of human knowledge.
Key Facts
- Founded: July 5, 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center.
- Global Reach: Serves over 30,000 libraries in more than 100 countries.
- Core Product: WorldCat, the world's largest unified international library catalog.
- Legal Status: 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
- Financials: Reported revenue of $217.8 million for the 2020–21 period.
- Leadership: Currently led by President and CEO Skip Prichard.
The Evolution of a Global Cooperative
OCLC began its journey in 1967 under the leadership of founder Fred Kilgour. For the first decade, membership was restricted to institutions within Ohio. However, the organization recognized the potential for a broader network, leading to a governance change in 1978 that opened membership to other U.S. states. This expansion coincided with the adoption of the name Online Computer Library Center in 1977.
The organization continued to scale, modifying its governance again in 2002 to welcome international participation. This transition solidified OCLC's role as a global entity, managing data and services that transcend national borders.
Software and Library Services
OCLC is more than just a database; it is a major provider of Integrated Library Systems (ILS)—software suites that manage everything from book acquisitions to patron check-outs. While the market has become highly competitive, OCLC continues to offer a robust portfolio of tools.
Core Software Offerings
- WorldShare Management Services: A cloud-based electronic resource management system.
- CONTENTdm: A specialized tool used by libraries to manage and display digital collections.
- Wise: A community engagement system and ILS designed specifically for public libraries.
- EZproxy: A widely used authentication and access software for electronic resources.
Beyond software, OCLC manages the Dewey Decimal Classification system and previously produced physical catalog cards for its members, a service that finally ended on October 1, 2015, marking the complete transition to digital cataloging.
Strategic Growth and Market Dynamics
To maintain its edge, OCLC has engaged in several strategic acquisitions and mergers. In 2006, it merged with the Research Libraries Group (RLG), and in 2008, it acquired EZproxy. It also owns OCLC PICA, based in Leiden, Netherlands.
The organization has not been without challenges. Between 2010 and 2013, OCLC was involved in an antitrust lawsuit filed by SkyRiver and Innovative Interfaces. While the suit was eventually dropped, the landscape of library automation shifted. By 2019, ExLibris (which acquired Innovative Interfaces) had become the dominant supplier of ILS services in the U.S., holding over 70% of the academic and 50% of the public library market, while OCLC held approximately 10% in both sectors.
OCLC at a Glance
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Founder | Fred Kilgour |
| Headquarters | Dublin, Ohio, USA |
| Primary Database | WorldCat |
| Member Base | 30,000+ libraries |
| Revenue (2020-21) | $217.8 million |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is WorldCat?
WorldCat is the primary product of OCLC and serves as the largest unified international library catalog, allowing users and librarians to search the collections of thousands of libraries worldwide.
Is OCLC a for-profit company?
No, OCLC is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to supporting the global library community.
What is the purpose of CONTENTdm?
CONTENTdm is a software solution provided by OCLC that allows libraries to create, manage, and provide public access to their digital collections.
Who currently leads OCLC?
The organization is currently led by Skip Prichard, who has served as President and CEO since 2013.
Does OCLC still provide physical catalog cards?
No. While OCLC produced catalog cards for many years, the last cards were printed on October 1, 2015.