Naksan: A Journey Through Seoul's Historic Camel Mountain
Rising 125 meters above the bustling streets of the Jongno District, Naksan offers more than just a scenic vantage point. Known for its sweeping panoramic views of downtown Seoul, this mountain stands alongside Namsan as one of the city's most iconic natural landmarks. Whether you are a history enthusiast or a nature lover, Naksan provides a unique window into the cultural and royal heritage of South Korea.
![View from the mountain of the Fortress Wall of Seoul (2016)]
The Legacy of the Camel Mountain
The name Naksan (낙산) literally translates to "Camel Mountain." This name is derived from its historical designation, Naktasan, because the mountain's physical geography closely resembles the shape of a camel's back. In earlier times, the area served a vital role for the royal family as a ranch used to supply milk to the palace, leading to its alternative name, Taraksan.
As Seoul expanded in the 1960s, dense housing and public apartments began to surround the mountain. To protect this precious natural environment, the Seoul government implemented a restoration plan, eventually opening the area as Naksan Park in July 2002. Today, the park is a beloved public space and has even served as a filming location for various popular television dramas.
Key Facts
- Location: Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea
- Elevation: 125 meters (410 ft)
- Coordinates: 37°34′50″N 127°00′31″E
- Primary Feature: A 2.1 km section of the Seoul Fortress Wall
- Park Status: Public park maintained by the city since 2002
Historical Landmarks and Sites
Naksan is home to several sites that weave together the threads of Korean royalty, scholarship, and daily life.
The Seoul Fortress Wall
One of the most striking features of Naksan is a 2.1 km stretch of the Seoul Fortress Wall. This segment connects Hyehwamun to Heunginjimun, forming part of the much larger 18.2 km-long defensive structure. A dedicated walking path runs alongside the wall, allowing visitors to enjoy a leisurely stroll while taking in the cityscape. Along this path, you can find the Naksanjeong Pavilion, a beautiful structure built in the traditional Korean architectural style.
Hongdeok Field
This site tells a story of loyalty and culinary legacy. Following the Qing invasion of Joseon, a court lady named Hongdeok accompanied the two sons of King Injo to Shenyang. During this time, she prepared kimchi for Crown Prince Bongrim, who grew to love her cooking. When the prince eventually ascended the throne as King Hyojong, he recognized the taste of her kimchi and sought her out. Though she declined a direct reward, the King granted her land at the foot of Naksan. She established a cabbage farm there, which continues to be tended to this day.
Biudang: The House of Shelter
Biudang is a humble thatched-roof house that once belonged to Yu Gwan, a prime minister during the early Joseon period known for his extreme integrity. Despite his high status, Yu lived in poverty; it is said that when it rained, he would sit under a leaking roof holding an umbrella, thinking of those who had no shelter at all. The house was later owned by the scholar Yi Sugwang, who named it Biudang, meaning "a house to take shelter from the rain," in honor of Yu's character. It was here that Yi Sugwang wrote the Jibongyuseol, a significant work of the Silhak (Practical Learning) movement.
Jajudong Spring
This spring carries a poignant connection to Queen Jeongsun. After King Danjong was exiled, the Queen was stripped of her titles and forced to find ways to support herself. She worked in the dyeing business, and it was at this spring that she would dye white cloths into purple—the color of royalty. This led to the spring being named Jajidongcheon, which eventually evolved into the name Jajudong.
Visitor Information
For those planning a visit, the Naksan Exhibition Hall is located at the entrance of the park. This facility offers free information regarding the history and origins of Naksan, making it an excellent starting point for any tour.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Highest Point | 125 m (410 ft) |
| District | Jongno, Seoul |
| Key Landmark | Seoul Fortress Wall (2.1 km section) |
| Historical Site | Biudang (Former residence of Yu Gwan) |
| Park Opening | July 2002 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the mountain called Naksan?
The name Naksan means "Camel Mountain" because the physical shape of the mountain resembles the back of a camel.
Is there an entrance fee for Naksan Park?
Naksan Park is a public park maintained by the city government, and the Naksan Exhibition Hall provides information free of charge.
What can I see along the Fortress Wall path?
Visitors can walk a 2.1 km path that offers views of the Seoul cityscape and leads to various viewpoints, including the traditional Naksanjeong Pavilion.
What is the significance of Biudang?
Biudang was the residence of the honest prime minister Yu Gwan and later the home of the scholar Yi Sugwang, who contributed to the Silhak movement.
Where is the Jajudong Spring located?
The spring is located within the Naksan area and is historically linked to Queen Jeongsun's work in the royal purple dyeing business.