Delphinium elatum: The Majestic Alpine Delphinium
Known by common names such as alpine delphinium, bee larkspur, or candle larkspur, Delphinium elatum is a striking flowering plant belonging to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. Native to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, this erect herbaceous perennial is celebrated for its towering presence and vibrant summer blooms.
Reaching heights of up to 1.8 meters (5.9 feet), the plant is characterized by its deeply divided foliage and impressive spikes of blue or purple flowers. First described by Carl Linnaeus in the 1753 publication Species Plantarum, this species has since become a staple in ornamental gardening worldwide.
[ไม่มีภาพประกอบ]Key Facts
- Scientific Name: Delphinium elatum
- Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)
- Maximum Height: 1.8 meters (5.9 feet)
- Hardiness: Tolerates temperatures down to −20 °C (−4 °F)
- Bloom Period: Summer
- Native Range: Temperate Asia and Europe
Cultivation and Care
To successfully grow Delphinium elatum, gardeners must provide a sheltered position with full sun exposure and deep, rich soil. Because of their height and the weight of the flower heads, all plants must be securely staked to prevent them from collapsing.
While hardy in cold climates, the plant requires specific attention to safety. Gloves should be worn during handling, as the plant can cause severe discomfort if accidentally ingested.
Ornamental Cultivars
The species serves as the foundation for numerous ornamental cultivars, offering a palette beyond the natural blue and purple to include pink, cream, and white. Popular cultivar series include:
- Magic Fountains
- Pacific Giant
- Dwarf Pacific
- New Millennium
- Aurora (available in Blue, Deep Purple, Lavender, Light Blue, Light Purple, and White)
Certain varieties have been recognized for their excellence with the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, specifically 'Lord Butler', 'Sungleam', and 'Sweethearts' from the New Millennium Series.
[ไม่มีภาพประกอบ]Chemical Composition
Beyond its aesthetic value, Delphinium elatum is of scientific interest due to its chemical properties. Researchers have isolated seven C19-norditerpenoid alkaloids (complex organic compounds derived from diterpenes) from the plant:
- N-formyl-4, 19-secopacinine
- Iminoisodelpheline
- Iminodelpheline
- Iminopaciline
- 6-dehydroeladine
- Elpacidine
- Melpheline
Species Summary
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Classification | Order: Ranunculales | Family: Ranunculaceae |
| Growth Habit | Erect herbaceous perennial |
| Flower Colors | Blue, Purple, Pink, Cream, White |
| Temperature Limit | −20 °C (−4 °F) |
| Key Requirements | Full sun, rich soil, staking |
Frequently Asked Questions
How tall does Delphinium elatum grow?
It is an erect perennial that can grow up to 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) in height.
What are the best growing conditions for this plant?
It thrives in deep, rich soil and requires a sheltered position with full sun exposure.
Is Delphinium elatum toxic?
Yes, it can cause severe discomfort if ingested; therefore, it is recommended to wear gloves when handling the plant.
Which cultivars have the RHS Award of Garden Merit?
The cultivars 'Lord Butler', 'Sungleam', and 'Sweethearts' (from the New Millennium Series) have received this award.
What colors are available in ornamental varieties?
While naturally blue or purple, cultivars range from blue and purple to pink, cream, and white.