Chichagof Island: A Wilderness Gem of the Alexander Archipelago
Located within the rugged beauty of the Alaska Panhandle, Chichagof Island (known natively as Shee Kaa x) stands as a testament to the raw, untamed nature of the northern Pacific Northwest Coast. As a prominent member of the ABC islands—a group of islands in Southeast Alaska—it offers a landscape defined by dense forests, deep fjords, and a thriving wildlife population.
Spanning 75 miles in length and 50 miles in width, Chichagof Island covers a total land area of 2,048.61 square miles. This vast size makes it the fifth largest island in the United States and the 109th largest globally. Its intricate coastline stretches for 742 miles, weaving through the cold waters of the North Pacific.
Geography and Location
Chichagof Island is situated within the Alexander Archipelago, a sprawling chain of islands off the coast of mainland Alaska. It is strategically positioned north of Baranof Island, with the two separated by the Peril Strait. The island is further bounded by several major waterways: Chatham Strait to the east, Icy Strait to the northeast, Cross Sound to the northwest, and the open Gulf of Alaska to the west.
The terrain is characterized by its dramatic elevation, reaching a highest point of 3,909 feet. Much of the island's landmass is protected, as the entire island falls within the boundaries of the Tongass National Forest. Additionally, the western coastal region is officially designated as the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness, ensuring the preservation of its pristine ecosystem.
Key Facts
- Global Ranking: 109th largest island in the world.
- US Ranking: 5th largest island in the United States.
- Wildlife: Holds the highest population of bears per square mile of any place on Earth.
- Conservation: Entirely located within the Tongass National Forest.
- Native Name: Shee Kaa x.
Communities and Economy
Human settlement on Chichagof Island is sparse, with a population of 1,342 recorded in the 2000 census. The island is divided administratively between the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area and the City and Borough of Sitka.
Northern Settlements
The northern half of the island is home to the communities of Hoonah, Pelican, Tenakee Springs, and Elfin Cove. These towns are part of the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area and serve as the primary hubs for local activity.
Southern Territory
The southern half of the island belongs to the City and Borough of Sitka. This region is significantly less populated; during the 2000 census, only eight people were counted residing in this portion of the island.
Economic Drivers
The local economy is deeply intertwined with the island's natural resources and the surrounding waters. Key economic activities include:
- Commercial Fishing: Utilizing the rich fjords and coastal waters.
- Logging: Harvesting timber from the dense forests.
- Tourism: Specifically guided hunting trips and charter fishing.
Island Specifications Summary
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Total Area | 2,048.61 sq mi (5,305.9 km²) |
| Dimensions | 75 mi long x 50 mi wide |
| Coastline | 742 miles |
| Highest Elevation | 3,909 ft (1,191.5 m) |
| Population (2000) | 1,342 |
| Population Density | 0.25/km² (0.65/sq mi) |
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is Chichagof Island named after?
The island is named after Admiral Vasili Chichagov, a Russian Arctic explorer. Interestingly, despite the naming honor, Admiral Chichagov never actually visited Alaska.
What makes Chichagof Island unique regarding wildlife?
Chichagof Island is notable for having the highest population of bears per square mile of any location on Earth.
Which protected areas are found on the island?
The entire island is part of the Tongass National Forest, and its western coastal portion is designated as the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness.
What are the main towns on Chichagof Island?
The primary communities located on the northern half of the island are Hoonah, Pelican, Tenakee Springs, and Elfin Cove.
Where is Chichagof Island located?
It is located in the Alexander Archipelago of the Alaska Panhandle, separated from Baranof Island by the Peril Strait.